Junior Cloud Engineer Azure Interview Questions: Complete Guide

# Create VM using Azure CLI
az vm create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myVM \
  --image UbuntuLTS \
  --size Standard_B2s \
  --admin-username azureuser \
  --generate-ssh-keys

# List VMs
az vm list --output table

# Start/Stop VM
az vm start --name myVM --resource-group myResourceGroup
az vm stop --name myVM --resource-group myResourceGroup

# Create storage account
az storage account create \
  --name mystorageaccount \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --location eastus \
  --sku Standard_LRS

# Upload blob
az storage blob upload \
  --account-name mystorageaccount \
  --container-name mycontainer \
  --name myblob.txt \
  --file ./local-file.txt

# List blobs
az storage blob list \
  --account-name mystorageaccount \
  --container-name mycontainer \
  --output table

# Create VNet
az network vnet create \
  --name myVNet \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --address-prefix 10.0.0.0/16 \
  --subnet-name mySubnet \
  --subnet-prefix 10.0.1.0/24

# Create NSG
az network nsg create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myNSG

# Add NSG rule (allow HTTP)
az network nsg rule create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --nsg-name myNSG \
  --name AllowHTTP \
  --priority 100 \
  --source-address-prefixes '*' \
  --destination-port-ranges 80 \
  --access Allow \
  --protocol Tcp

# Create NSG rule (allow SSH from specific IP)
az network nsg rule create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --nsg-name myNSG \
  --name AllowSSH \
  --priority 110 \
  --source-address-prefixes 203.0.113.0/24 \
  --destination-port-ranges 22 \
  --access Allow \
  --protocol Tcp \
  --direction Inbound

# Associate NSG with subnet
az network vnet subnet update \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --vnet-name myVNet \
  --name mySubnet \
  --network-security-group myNSG

# Assign role to user
az role assignment create \
  --assignee [email protected] \
  --role "Virtual Machine Contributor" \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup

# List role assignments
az role assignment list \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --output table

# Create custom role
az role definition create \
  --role-definition '{
    "Name": "Custom VM Operator",
    "Description": "Can start and stop VMs",
    "Actions": [
      "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/start/action",
      "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/powerOff/action"
    ],
    "AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/{subscription-id}"]
  }'

# Create resource group
az group create \
  --name myResourceGroup \
  --location eastus \
  --tags Environment=Production Application=WebApp

# List resources in group
az resource list \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --output table

# Delete resource group (and all resources)
az group delete \
  --name myResourceGroup \
  --yes --no-wait

# Create App Service plan
az appservice plan create \
  --name myAppServicePlan \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --sku B1 \
  --is-linux

# Create web app
az webapp create \
  --name myWebApp \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --plan myAppServicePlan \
  --runtime "NODE|14-lts"

# Deploy from GitHub
az webapp deployment source config \
  --name myWebApp \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --repo-url https://github.com/user/repo \
  --branch main \
  --manual-integration

# Configure app settings
az webapp config appsettings set \
  --name myWebApp \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --settings DATABASE_URL="..." API_KEY="..."

# Create deployment slot
az webapp deployment slot create \
  --name myWebApp \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --slot staging

# Swap slots (staging to production)
az webapp deployment slot swap \
  --name myWebApp \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --slot staging

# Create managed disk
az disk create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myDataDisk \
  --size-gb 128 \
  --sku Premium_LRS

# Attach disk to VM
az vm disk attach \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --vm-name myVM \
  --name myDataDisk

# Create snapshot
az snapshot create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name mySnapshot \
  --source myDataDisk

# Create disk from snapshot
az disk create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myRestoredDisk \
  --source mySnapshot

# Resize disk
az disk update \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myDataDisk \
  --size-gb 256

# View VM metrics
az monitor metrics list \
  --resource /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/myRG/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/myVM \
  --metric "Percentage CPU" \
  --start-time 2024-11-26T00:00:00Z \
  --end-time 2024-11-26T23:59:59Z

# Create metric alert
az monitor metrics alert create \
  --name high-cpu-alert \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --scopes /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/myRG/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/myVM \
  --condition "avg Percentage CPU > 80" \
  --window-size 5m \
  --evaluation-frequency 1m \
  --action /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/myRG/providers/microsoft.insights/actionGroups/myActionGroup

# Create Log Analytics workspace
az monitor log-analytics workspace create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --workspace-name myWorkspace \
  --location eastus

# Query logs (KQL - Kusto Query Language)
az monitor log-analytics query \
  --workspace myWorkspace \
  --analytics-query "AzureActivity | where TimeGenerated > ago(1h) | summarize count() by OperationName"

// Failed login attempts
SigninLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(24h)
| where ResultType != 0
| summarize FailedAttempts = count() by UserPrincipalName
| order by FailedAttempts desc

// VM performance
Perf
| where TimeGenerated > ago(1h)
| where ObjectName == "Processor" and CounterName == "% Processor Time"
| summarize avg(CounterValue) by Computer
| order by avg_CounterValue desc

// Application errors
AppExceptions
| where TimeGenerated > ago(24h)
| summarize ErrorCount = count() by ProblemId, OuterMessage
| order by ErrorCount desc

# Create Application Insights
az monitor app-insights component create \
  --app myAppInsights \
  --location eastus \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --application-type web

# Get instrumentation key
az monitor app-insights component show \
  --app myAppInsights \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --query instrumentationKey

// Node.js example
const appInsights = require('applicationinsights');
appInsights.setup('YOUR_INSTRUMENTATION_KEY')
  .setAutoDependencyCorrelation(true)
  .setAutoCollectRequests(true)
  .setAutoCollectPerformance(true)
  .setAutoCollectExceptions(true)
  .setAutoCollectDependencies(true)
  .start();

const client = appInsights.defaultClient;

// Track custom event
client.trackEvent({name: "UserLogin", properties: {userId: "123"}});

// Track custom metric
client.trackMetric({name: "ProcessingTime", value: 150});

# Create action group (email notification)
az monitor action-group create \
  --name myActionGroup \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --short-name myAG \
  --email-receiver name=AdminEmail [email protected]